Does Spelling Transparency Affect Visual Word Recognition And Short Essay

Does Spelling Transparency Affect Visual Word Recognition And Short Term Memory - Essay Example Before this is achieved the logographic stage speaks to a gathering of self-assertive images with no significance. At the point when the alphabetic stage is accomplished (phonological recoding), straightforward dialects, as Italian, Greek and Spanish where a 'd' seems like a 'd', the gathered pathway or collect phonology is opened. It isn't 100% trustworthy. The irregularities in the phonological recoding will imply that perusing improvement won't be at a similar velocity for every language. An European report was finished of 14 European dialects. It was discovered that increasingly straightforward the language, the faster understudies gained logographic to phonemes (Ziegler, 2010). There were two different examinations finished to affirm the discoveries. The socio-social conduct contrasts were constrained by taking comparable urban communities which showed bilingual societies. These two examinations having considered the socio-social contrast affirmed the discoveries of the European investigation. One investigation was done in Montreal where English and French are instructed and in Whales where guardians have a decision of sending their youngsters to a Welsh or English talking school. There is a connection between those kids, who have a comprehension of a phoneme, rhyme or syllable, and those kids who have better understanding abilities (Natasza 2010) While early phonological mindfulness shortfalls don't affect youngsters' later understanding turn of events, shortages in successive naming velocity measure do. The shortages will require utilization of various vocabularies to have an elevated level of spelling precision. (Landerl, Wimmer , 2008) In straightforward dialects, obtaining of the alphabetic stage comes all the more without any problem. (Ziegler 2010) A decisive model are the two Japanese composed... This paper focuses on that it has been demonstrated that spelling straightforwardness is dictated by the openness of the grapheme to phoneme affiliation and its connect to making words. It has been shown that there are various degrees of transparencies from Italian to Kanji where a d is a d and where a language stay totally in the logographic stage. The more straightforward a language is the more access a peruser has to a tended to process and to less vocabularies in this manner simpler understanding to visual acknowledgment. In the event that a language is misty and has a complex morphological framework, the directing procedures requires the advancement of address forms and in any event two vocabularies. Visual Recognition takes longer. This report makes an end that the phonological transient memory has been dealt with independently due to the significance of phonetic mindfulness and the impact on dyslexic kids. The distinctive mapping and vocabularies have been demonstrated to be an indispensable piece of spelling straightforwardness accordingly one can reason that Spelling straightforwardness impacts word acknowledgment. One can infer that Spelling straightforwardness affects phonological momentary memory for non psychological disabled subjects. In collected phonology, preparing is more grounded with pseudohomophones. furthermore, different vocabularies must be utilized notwithstanding the phonological dictionary with the goal for words to be all the more handily perceived in straightforward dialects by their phonological segments. French is a straightforward language however there are numerous homophones.

Incredibly Bad Resumes That Will Make You Shudder-092016

Amazingly Bad Resumes That Will Make You Shudder-092016 In the event that you’re an incessant peruser here at TheJobNetwork (and you absolutely are, correct?), you realize that we give you heaps of data about what to do: how to structure your resume, free resume formats, what to state in a meeting, how to break into your field of decision. All phenomenal information! Be that as it may, at this moment let’s turn the tables a bit: what do a portion of the comes up short resemble? In particular, what should your resume not resemble? Let’s investigate three poor spirits whose terrible resumes are bound for the â€Å"ugh, moving on† heap. Rough is simply out of school, and simply went after a senior administration job. We’ll call him The Mess.Rocky B. 45 Maple Sreet Philadelphia, PA 43434 Rocky@emaildomain.comObjective: To find a lucrative line of work. What I need understanding, I acquire confidence.Experience:PetSmart (deals partner), September 2015 †presentBadger Sons, summer internMcDonald’s ( server), July 2014 †September 2014Carmichael College, September 2012 †June 2016Skills:OrganizationMoneyCommunicationComputersSocial media (RockyLovesLadeez on Twitter, Rocky B on MeFace)KarateWorking on deadlineEducation:Carmichael College Communications, 2016Hobbies:KarateBoxingKnittingOh, Rocky†¦where to begin? There are loads of regions for development here.The LookLet’s talk about how this resume looks to an irregular peruser. The text style is hard to peruse, first of all. You need your resume to look perfect and, dislike a flyer you’d see secured at the general store, publicizing guitar exercises. The focusing additionally adds to this flier-esque feel. Generally, left-justify.The HeaderRocky additionally flubs his absolute first prologue to the peruser: the header. Not exclusively does he exclude his last name, he leaves clear mistakes in the location. Continuously, consistently, consistently edit your resume. Furthermore, when you think youâ€⠄¢ve edit it enough? Get another person to peruse it as well, just to be safe.The ObjectiveRocky doesn’t improve his goal explanation, which is now at risk for being superfluous. Rough is looking for a lucrative occupation who isn’t?! The goal or outline explanation that you use in your resume ought to be given something to do demonstrating what you can offer the organization. This target enlightens the peruser nothing concerning who Rocky is, the thing that he does, or what capabilities he holds. Besides, it shows that he knows he’s inadequate for the activity. A peruser would see that and dismiss him right away.The Level of EffortOverall, you can tell he didn’t put a lot of energy into this. There’s only no frills data here. Under â€Å"Experience,† there’s nothing that mentions to you what he did at any of those spots, no setting for how that experience applies to the activity he needs. Rocky’s aptitudes don’t passage much better. They’re a befuddling clutter of expert aptitudes (once more, not fleshed out with any helpful data), and individual ones (which is extra pointless on the grounds that he later records his leisure activities. Posting diversions toward the finish of your resume isn’t essentially an awful thing-it can help separate you in a heap of resumes. Yet, you ought to be mindful so as to list just PG ones that you wouldn’t mind your grandmother finding out about. (Rough really prevails on this one!).The SkillsRocky submits an extra blunder while posting his internet based life aptitudes: it’s not an extraordinary thought to list your own web based life profiles except if you know they’re perfect and expert looking. (â€Å"RockyLovesLadeez† doesn’t rouse a lot of certainty this is the situation.) through and through, this resume is one major red flag. Let’s take a gander at Hilary, a.k.a. The Jokester.Hilary Peterson 88 McPhe rson Ave Brooklyn, NY 55555 (999) 000-1111 Comedienne69@emaildomain.comSUMMARYHard specialist known for keeping it genuine (haha) looking for a full-time position as a writer.SKILLSSense of humorOrganizedOutgoing personalityDealing with hecklers (the most noticeably awful, amiright?)Writing on deadlineEXPERIENCESully’s Irish Bar Waitress, 2006 †2007Waited tablesProvided brilliant client serviceHandled money and Visa transactionsWalStore Sales Associate, 2007-2007Stocked retires and took an interest in stock managementCompleted client exchanges utilizing the store’s POS system.Assisted customersSet up floor displaysPeking Restaurant Waitress, 2007-2010Waited tablesProvided great client serviceHandled money and Visa transactionsBraggiano’s Italian Bistro Waitress, 2007-2010Waited tablesProvided amazing client serviceHandled money and Mastercard transactionsHewitt Brothers Finance File agent, 2010 †2016Served as a record chief in the support stock investm ents division of a huge global companyProcessed TPS reports (just gently soul-sucking!)Maintained document of customer reports and contractsPut up with strange individuals (joking everybody was cool)WRITING/EDITINGWish You Were Here (web arrangement), 5 episodesâ€Å"Living the Dream† (article, Buffington University Alumni Magazine), 2004The Clarion (college paper), editorial manager and staff essayist, 2001 †2004EDUCATIONBuffington University B.A. in English (sigh)Hilary’s continue is looking great so far, in that it would seem that a resume. Be that as it may, she begins running into issues early on.The HeaderHilary’s email address isn’t particularly fitting. You don’t need to surrender your â€Å"fun† email address (or that old AOL handle that you just can’t let go), however in any event before you start your pursuit of employment, make another email address that’s a variety of your name. You can at present be HotPantz or BeerPongDude to your loved ones, however potential managers should see an increasingly proficient you.The Summary StatementYou realize I love a decent incidental joke, yet there’s actually a bad situation for jokes, snarky asides, or emoticon like articulations in a resume. You need to be paid attention to, so ensure you set that proficient tone.The SkillsAgain, Hilary is attempting to be interesting, which doesn’t work here. She additionally leads with â€Å"sense of humor,† which is a decent quality to have, however is it her main expertise? The aptitudes area is an opportunity to accentuate what qualifies you for the current task. Hilary says she needs to get a full-time composing work, so shouldn’t she stress her composing skills?The ExperienceThere are two issues here. Initially, Hilary goes sequentially, as opposed to the regressive ordered request generally normal in resumes. That last organization is basic for an explanation: the business needs to know who you are currently, and doesn’t need to need to burrow for that data. Second, Hilary incorporates occupations that don’t fundamentally apply to the activity for which she’s applying. Quite a while in the past food administration and retail occupations don’t appear to have a lot of bearing at work she’s looking for here-which is likewise sabotaged by the way that she utilizes similar projectiles for every last bit of her café employments. Redundant projectiles make the peruser coat directly finished. Hilary should be progressively specific about which of her employments she decides to highlight in her resume-and should concoct novel shots for every that underscore how that experience applies to the activity she wants.Hilary additionally covers the lede here: she puts her composing experience waaaaaay down toward the end, when she ought to put it up front to help show that she does, truth be told, have composing experience that would con cern her future composing job.And to wrap things up, let’s check in with Mary, the Jargonator.Mary Hernandez 349 seventh Avenue Brooklyn, NY 22222 (333) 555-6666 MaryHernandez@emaildomain.com LinkedUp profile: MHernandez.linkedup.comGo-getter who considers new ideas looking to synergize experience and augmented expertise setSKILLSSynergizing in reverse overflowThought leadershipResults-drivenDynamic self-motivatingBest of breedEXPERIENCEGrande CorpDepartment Assistant January 2013 †presentMaximize and arrange workflowSynergize office schedulesCoordinate B2C correspondences (email impacts, customer outreach by means of telecommunications)Analyze office inventoryOffer lift pitches for online networking campaignsHit the ground running each dayCOMPUTER SKILLSAdobeMicrosoft Office (PP, O, Ex)EDUCATIONMarshall Brown University B.A., WLP 2013Mary sounds very with-it and accomplished†¦it’s only a disgrace you can’t really determine what she does.The LanguageWh en composing your resume, it’s essential to find some kind of harmony between spotless, clear English. It very well may be enticing to utilize extravagant sounding language words rather than plain old exhausting ones, yet you don’t need to do that to the detriment of the reader’s capacity to comprehend what you’re attempting to say.Structurally, the resume is fine. Mary’s issue is the substance. Terms like â€Å"go-getter† and â€Å"synergized† are happened now, not least since they pass on practically nothing. You’re much happier utilizing a bunch of solid, explicit words that depict what you do/did. In the event that Mary had composed, â€Å"Highly spurred authoritative expert with solid office skills† as her goal, she’d be in an ideal situation than she is utilizing popular expressions that mean next to no to the peruser without context.The AbbreviationsMary utilizes terms like â€Å"B2C† and â€Å"WLPà ¢â‚¬  all through, without clarifying what they mean. In the event that you’re utilizing an abbreviation that may not be promptly obvious to the peruser, consistently illuminate it on the primary use. For instance: Business-to-shopper (B2C). On the off chance that you’re utilizing a term that’s fundamental information in your industry, at that point it’s most likely fine to utilize those sparingly-yet on the off chance that you’re uncertain, or you figure the peruser probably won't have profound specialized information on wh

Tips For Creating Laptop Essay Topics

Tips For Creating Laptop Essay TopicsDo you find yourself struggling to come up with laptop essay topics for your college class? I do. Laptops are very important when it comes to studying and many students don't have a lot of time to devote to reading or doing research in order to be successful in their classes. There are various ways that students can choose to spend their free time and a number of options are available for students.A number of students usually make the mistake of choosing the most popular topic for their class such as chemistry or biology because these are the most popular subjects. However, if you want to come up with laptop essay topics that will actually get your laptop to write and to read, you should focus on different topics that are related to the course that you are taking. For example, if you are taking psychology, it is recommended that you choose one of the more popular sub-topics like dating or relationships. You could also choose a different topic such as jobs or job seekers.The biggest problem that a lot of college students face is how to come up with topics for their assignments and essays. The truth is that a lot of students are not even sure what to write about when it comes to their assignment. So, here are some tips that you can use.Many college students do not realize that they can create a topic that is unique. Instead of writing an essay about anything that everyone else is writing about, make a topic that is unique and will represent the viewpoint of your own. You could write an essay on a particular state if you are going to be studying in California, or how people there relate to the United States.Make sure that you create a topic that is easy to write about. If you have to search the internet to find information to write about, this will just be a waste of time. While searching through the internet may save you some time, it also wastes valuable time.Another tip to help you come up with unique laptop essay topics is to focus on the things that you enjoy doing when it comes to your college class. You could write about studying or while reading a book. By focusing on things that you enjoy doing, you will increase your chances of coming up with topics that are actually interesting.If you cannot find anything about a particular topic online, try asking other college students who are taking the same class as you. Often times, they can provide great insight on topics that are common among them. You can use their opinions to create unique laptop essay topics.When it comes to writing laptop essay topics, there are many tips that you can use to help you come up with topics that will be unique and that relate to the class that you are taking. Always focus on topics that are related to the subject matter of the class, and then create unique topics.

The Theory Of The s Theory - 1408 Words

1. According to Kelly, our self is a collection of our personal constructs at a specific time. These constructs are tools that we use to anticipate and interpret our environment. Kelly disagreed with behaviorists that behavior is shaped solely by the environment, but Kelly also disagreed with the concept of phenomenology, which is that reality is only what people perceive it to be. Kelly argues with Personal Construct Theory that both reality and our interpretation of it are important, and he agreed with Adler that our interpretations are the more important of the two. However, Kelly took it one step further and claimed that time was also a factor. Essentially, the way we interpret our reality is affected by the dimension of time. The†¦show more content†¦Next, the Five Factor Model argues that our self is composed of three central components, which are basic tendencies, characteristic adaptations, and self-concept. First, our basic tendencies such as: OCEAN, cognitive abilities, sexual orientation, etc. are long lasting stable personality components. They’re the building blocks of our personality. Second, we have characteristic adaptations. All skills that are acquired, like chemistry or driving, are characteristic adaptations. How quickly we learn these skills would be a basic tendency. The key difference between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations is that the latter is flexible. They change according to our environment. Our basic tendencies direct the ways in which they will adapt. Lastly, we have our self-concept. According to the FFM, self-concept is a characteristic adaptation itself. Our self-concept is what gives us a sense of identity and purpose in life. Our feelings and beliefs that we have about ourselves influence the way in which we behave. The FFM argues that personality has a strong biological basis, but the environment does influence our personality to an extent through our characteristic adaptations. 2. The self can be defined as the â€Å"me† that is experiencing the world around them. Our schemas, self-concept, identity both personal and social are some of the parts that make up the unified self. These different components of the self were once thought to

Stress Among College Students Essay examples - 1005 Words

College is a time of extreme stress due to societal and parental pressures. College students have expectations they have to live up to in order to fulfill and satisfy the needs of both their parents and society. Stress is expressed through a variety of symptoms that can be hazardous to student’s physical and mental health. With such high expectations to do well during college, students may become sleep deprived, which impairs mental capacity, but sleep deprivation is only one of a vast array of symptoms. Stress is present in all aspects of life and there are multiple causes of stress, especially, during the college period which may present itself through many symptoms, but with stress, there are also various coping methods to help students†¦show more content†¦According to Lupien, McEwan, Gunnar, and Heim (2009), going off to college involves significant adjustments to their daily routines; sleeping and eating habits, time-management skills, and stress levels will be altered in one way or another. First-year students have to adjust to the new school environment, different social settings, and new schedules, all without the help and guidance from their parents, who have been there for them for eighteen years. Over 30% of college freshman report that they feel overwhelmed (Klainberg, Ewing, Ryan, 2010), where some students even opt to work as they juggle their class and work schedules. Some students work at a job or study harder than others, but they are all trying to get degrees so maybe one day they will have meaningful and significant lives. It is a constant struggle for everyone who is trying desperately to make him or herself into a success. And every college student wants to be involved in society in a positive manner, allowing contribution of their ideals and values to others. Stress in college is caused by many other influencing factors. One of these important factors would have to be the expectations set by parents. They are normally the reason students are in college, so pleasing them by getting good grades is almost mandatory. The thought of displeasing out parents can be detrimental to our thought process; meaning that it most likely would cause impairedShow MoreRelatedStress Among College Students2049 Words   |  9 PagesStress Among College Students Leaving home for the first time and going away for school can be very difficult for some people. In many cases for college freshman this is their first time being away from their home and parents. Many times they get home sick and want to isolate themselves. They have to get into a new routine of going to school, and change can be very difficult. It is definitely hard to get into the swing of college. They have to navigate through classes in a new format while livingRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress Among College Students Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years many studies have been conducted to determine what creates stress and how college students can cope with stress. Stressors in a student’s life can be created through personal, educational and social experiences. A student faces many experiences while transitioning from high school, to college, and into adulthood. These experiences include: living arrangements, personal finances, important career decisions, experien ces of failure, interpersonal relationships, and personal financesRead MoreStress among college students Essay2179 Words   |  9 PagesStress is unavoidable, no matter the situation, location, or time; stress is always present. College students, especially freshmen, are a group particularly prone to stress due to the transitional nature of college life (Ross, Niebling, Heckert 1999). The need to please their parents, the thought of success in life, and being able to sustain a reasonable income in the future, all of which fall on the shoulders of college students who are making decisions for a large portion of their lives. TheyRead MoreOuantitaive Research: Stress Among College Students2486 Words   |  10 Pagesthat students who were in college are likely to report feeling stress. We tend to find a significant difference between college students with jobs and college students without jobs. Based on prior knowledge, we know that acute stress can be related to small daily hassle s, while chronic stress takes place when several environmental stressors continue to be a worry for a long period of time, like finances and schoolwork. Emotional stress, such as anxiety, is also connected to academic stress. StudentsRead MoreStress Among College Students And Mental Illnesses1880 Words   |  8 PagesStress Among College Students College Parents of America surveyed over 2,200 students at 40 randomly chosen colleges throughout the United States and have found that 85% of the students felt stressed on a daily basis while attending school. College Students and mental illnesses have always been associated with each other. A mental illness can affect a student s cognitive thinking needed for assignments, and disrupt the ability to be able to do to daily activities and functions. The top threeRead MoreThe Effects Of Financial Stress Among Domestic College Students1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause of Financial Stress among Domestic College Students Money is always a common factor leading to stress. People determine financial stress as a kind of stress caused by debts and inevitably huge amount spending (Hillman, 2015, para.4). A college student faces $40000 tuition every year, so it is fair to say college students struggle with financial stress. Moreover, financial stress has the tendency to become an â€Å"ongoing and chronic type of stress†, which will attribute to several seriouslyRead MoreEffects Of Depression On College Students1335 Words   |  6 Pagesis founded more in College students. The 2012 from the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors indicated that 95% of counseling center directors believe that psychological problems are a growing concern and that depression is one of the most prevalent concerns with 36% of college students affected (Jennifer E. Merrill, 2014). Depression in college tends to lead to alcohol abuse because they are experiencing extreme depression. When coll ege students have depression it affectsRead MoreStress Is A Common Experience For All Of Us1194 Words   |  5 PagesStress is a common experience for all of us. We may feel stress when we are very busy, have important deadlines to meet, have college assignment and lack of time to complete these assignments. Our body cannot decide what to do then we feel stress. My friend has gone to college since 2011, and she had finished 45 credits for her nursing degree but she dropped out college this year because of stress. When she told me about dropping college, several questions arose in my mind about student s stressRead MoreStudy Habits1368 Words   |  6 Pages. College students, especially freshmen, are a group particularly prone to stress (DZurilla Sheedy, 1991) due to the transitional nature of college life (Towbes Cohen, 1996). They must adjust to being away from home for the first time, maintain a high level of academic achievement, and adjust to a new social environment. College students, regardless of year in school, often deal with pressures related to finding a job or a potential life partner. These stressors do not cause anxiety or tensionRead MoreEffect Of Stress On Students1169 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Stress can define as Balancing classes, tests, projects, extra-curricular activities and work is enough to make anyone feel overwhelmed, especially with final exams right around the corner. Having stress in your life is unavoidable, but there are steps students can take to mitigate its effects on their lives and health. Going off to college involves significant adjustments to student daily routine; student sleeping and eating habits, time-management skills, and stress levels will be

Genetic Engineering Is The Precision Of Gene Transfer

As defined by Halford and Shewry (2000), genetic Modification is the manipulation of organism development, structure or composition by the insertion of specific DNA sequences. This may be for the purpose of expressing a gene that is not naturally found in the plant or to modify endogenous genes (Halford et al., 2000). In a way, we have been genetically modifying our food for thousands of years. Since the dawn of agriculture, our ancestors were selecting and breeding plants and livestock with the desired phenotypes, such as bigger cows or plants. One particular difference between conventional methods of obtaining better crop yields and modern genetic engineering is the precision of gene transfer. Getting a child plant with the desired†¦show more content†¦The new DNA found in this genetic plant can be referred to as recombinant DNA. According to Hillis, Sadava, Hill and Price (2013), recombinant DNA is a single DNA molecule containing DNA sequences from 2 or more sources. History According to Woosley (2012), genetic engineering as we know it today relied on our knowledge of DNA. DNA was discovered by Russian scientist Andrei Nikolaevitch Belozersky in 1935. In 1973 a student at Stanford came up with revolutionizing idea that DNA could be man-made (rDNA). In the 1970’s-80’s a conference was held to create guidelines for the safe use of genetically modified DNA and a genetics engineer gained a patent on a living organism, a bacterium that eats crude oil (Woosley, 2012). In 1982 the first GMO was approved by the FDA; Humulin, insulin which is produced by genetically engineered E. coli bacteria (Woosley, 2012). How GMOs Are Created In order to make a genetically engineered or transgenic organism, scientists must first find the desired trait, be it frost-resistance or salinity tolerance, and identify an organism with this trait. Scientists then take a sample of the plant or organism and use genome mapping technology to find where the trait is located within the DNA. Restriction enzymes are used by scientists to cut the DNA into fragments that can then be manipulated in the

Report into the Impact of Small Business Enterprises on the Indian economy Essay Example For Students

Report into the Impact of Small Business Enterprises on the Indian economy Essay The whole study contains information and information on the subject of little concern. Impacts of little concern on the economic system of India, globalisation and little concern etc. the studies works as a usher for opening a new concern it tells why to get down a Ne concern and its pros and cons, it besides tells about the ways of opening a little concern and propose it with some FRANCISING 1. INTRODUCTION The micro little and medium concern sector has been a great beginning of growing all over the universe. They help in development to states like India China etc. as they generate employment addition GDP and have great range to come in into the new market with lesser investing and higher chances. 2. DEFINITIONS Harmonizing to the micro little and average Enterprises Development act, 2006 these concerns are classified under two classs fabricating and service. The fabrication endeavors are involved in production and they invest in works and machineries where as the service endeavor involves in rendering services and they invest in equipments. 2.1. MICRO BUSINESS The micro concern have bound of puting Rs 25lakhs in fabricating endeavor while Rs 10lakh in service endeavor and it can merely employee less than 10 workers and merely one proprietor 2.2. SMALL BUSINESS the little concerns has a bound of puting from Rs. 25lakhs to less than 5crore in fabrication endeavor and from Rs.10lakhs to less than 2crore and it can employee workers less than 50 with individual proprietor 2.3. MEDIUM BUSINESS The medium concern has a bound more than 5crore to less than 10crore in fabricating endeavor whereas it from 2crore to 5crore in service endeavor. It can employee more than 50 employees but less than 100 employees 3. IMPACTS OF SMALL BUSINESS ON INDIAN ECONOMY There are 12.3 million little graduated table industries in India and more than 29.5 million people are employed in little concerns. There is 7 % portion of little concern in India s GDP, 95 % of industries are micro little and average concern unit and 40 % of employment is given by little concern. The Seventh Five Year Plan says the growing rate of 10 per cent in the little graduated table sector. Therefore so little concern is a 1 of biggest driving force for Indian economic system ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/32251560/Small-Business-in-India ) The followers are the countries where little concern has its major impact Employment: Small graduated table industries use labour intensive techniques to bring forth and fabricate therefore they are extremely capable of giving employment to people. There are about 2 to 3 workers working in little graduated table industry with regard to a individual worker in big industries. Micro, little and medium concern are the most popular business for people in India after the agribusiness industry, while little concern besides supply portion clip occupations to agriculturalists during there off season. Several empirical surveies shown that little graduated table industries have capableness of turning employment batch times more than big scale industries hence the healthy growing of little concerns can be a good step for India to come over the job of unemployment Balanced Regional Development: The little graduated table industries in India can advance the decentralized development and will assist to take the regional disparities of industrialisation. As India has a batch of rural sector which is yet to be developed Decentralized development will lend to the procedure of optimal growing and will avoids focal point of industries in fewer countries. It will supply employment in rural countries and avoid migration of people towards urban countries which will assist in development and Reconstruction of rural countries through little houses and will take to a better criterion of life for people in backward parts of India. 2. Optimum use of Capital: As the Small graduated table houses require less capital to bring forth the end product they are able to bring forth a greater end product with little investing. The Annual Surveys of industries revealed that fixed capital per individual in little graduated table industry was Rs. 3,706 as compared to Rs. 27,757 in big graduated table industry. Small houses besides help in supplying speedy returns after their constitution as they hold short period of purchasing natural stuff and sell the merchandise. In India as the rate of capital formation is low, little concerns are really suited. Mobilization of Local Resources: Small graduated table industries help to construct out enterprisers for the state it facilitates Mobilization and use of local resources like household accomplishments which might be talented but remain unutilized. The little endeavors help in conveying talent resources like entrepreneurial accomplishments and little nest eggs particularly in rural countries. Small concern aid in protecting the civilization of India which is handicrafts etc. JFK paper research EssayALL BURDEN TOGETHER As you being the foreman all determination are under your manus which may take to fun determinations every bit good as tough determinations. Heavy agenda of work and cognition of each field being required which besides chief cause to sleepless darks working all together for 247. Pleasing EVERYONE When you work for person you merely need to delight thrill and execute for your foreman and the company but while having a concern you have to delight every employee actuate them acquiring them the ambiance of work in all state of affairs which may non be possible every clip for every worker. Growth PAINS some concerns work really smooth while some get stuck. There are times when the concern gets shut or stopped it may be due to market, industry or economic system decelerating down, sometimes the competions heats up and MNC s return over. You must be ready to take over all state of affairss. 6. WAYS OF STARTING A BUSINESS There are fundamentally three ways of get downing a new concern. These ways are get downing you ain, purchasing an bing one, or invest in franchise of any company. There are good grounds for each pick, each has its ain benefits and hazards. 6.1. Start FROM SCRATCH get downing from abrasion is get downing your ain concern. Get downing from abrasion by and large costs less than get downing from purchasing and bing or franchising. You can take your ain location and policies, and manner of concern. Most people start a concern of what they are good at, their best accomplishments and originative thoughts help a batch to take. While it besides has some built-in hazards which is get downing from abrasion one demand to make up ones mind the construction of the concern, the location and needs to develop a new record maintaining system. Govt. policies and ordinance besides cause certain limitation and license license is besides an issue. But get downing from abrasion helps to develop in field your involvement ballads and it may increase your opportunity of success. 6.2. Buying AN OLD BUSINESS purchasing and bing concern may take to hold a good location for concern, it, may salvage your clip money and work which you would hold done in get downing of concern development, you would besides be able to utilize the proprietors invested capital for development, the concern already has it organisational and accounting programs While there may be some issues like a new concern field, hard currency flow mechanism, basal consumer market, debt of old proprietors high cost engagement etc. every bit good while purchasing an bing concern the cost will be valued by its plus and liablities 6.3. FRANCISING the alternate manner of purchasing some one s concern is to take a franchise. This helps purchaser to have the name and hallmark of the company and sell the merchandises by its name. The franchiser has to pay a initial start up fee and royalties harmonizing to sell done. Its benefits franchiser as trade name acknowledgment, quality merchandises, approved expression, proficient aid, market research etc It besides has some drawbacks which same concern format, no creativeness, small control over determinations, work harmonizing to franchise. ( Bovee and Thill, 2008 ) There are batch of illustrations of a successful franchisor as there is lot demand of MNC s in new and underdeveloped metropoliss so to indicate out some a successful franchisor is to indicate a the franchisee eg: McDonald s, pizza hut etc 7. Franchiser besides has to take from exclusive proprietary and partnership SOLE PROPRITERSHIP its one of the oldest signifier of concern in which there is a individual individual who owns, controls and manages the concern. ADVANTAGES easy to organize maximal incentive secretiveness in concern powerful and speedy determinations Disadvantage Limited capital liability is limitless proprietor s life managerial inefficiency ( hypertext transfer protocol: //business.gov.in/starting_business/sole_proprietorship.php ) Partnerships when two or more people come together and portion at that place net incomes, losingss, assets, liabilities and direction duties they are known to be spouses and a partnership is formed. ADVANTAGES Share in net income and losingss get downing cost is divided high resources, strengths, abilities easier direction DISADVANTAGES visions towards concern personal disputes no ain determination losing secretiveness 7. Decision From the whole study it is understood that little concern [ lay a major function in developing a state particularly like India where there are tonss of under developed countries. A little concern has its ain pros and cons which help taking which type of concern to get down and the ways to get down a little concern are from abrasion, purchasing an bing or taking a franchise of it.

The purpose of the experiment is to test the effect of increased temperature on the permeability of beetroot cell membran Essay Example

The purpose of the experiment is to test the effect of increased temperature on the permeability of beetroot cell membran Essay Background information- The cell membrane surrounds all living things and is partially permeable so as to serve as a boundary between cell and environment and control substances that are allowed in and out of the cell. Cell membranes are made up of phospholipids, carbohydrates and proteins.The phospholipids are arranged in a way that their polar hydrophilic (water attracting) phosphate heads face outwards and their non-polar (hydrophobic) fatty acid tails face inwards. The phospholipids are arranged in a bi-layer. The hydrophobic layers act as a barrier to some molecules.There are also other molecules which are indented into the phospholipids such as Proteins. Proteins are tertiary structures made up of coiled and folded strings of amino acids which are very strong and held in place by peptide bonds. Proteins are responsible for most of the cells properties and some proteins are involved in transporting substances across the membrane while others are involved in maintaining the cells shape. However at very high temperatures the binds holding the . break and thus the proteins lose their structure and stability. This increases the pigmentation released.In the cells of a beetroot plant, a substance called betalins is found in the membrane vacuoles, which gives beetroot its red colour. Normally the pigments cannot pass through the membranes but at higher temperatures the cell becomes damaged and the betalins will bleed from the cells. I am going to investigate the pigment lost at different temperatures.Hypothesis- an increase in temperature will lead to more damage to the cell membranes, which will increase their permeability, and therefore allow more of the pigment to be released.Expected result- the following temperatures will be used to measure the absorbency, 0C, 10C, 20C, 30C, 40C, 50C, 60C, 70C. as using any higher or lower may take up to much time in getting to the required temperature. expect the graph for the results to look as follows::increasing the temp erature will cause the partially permeable membrane of the Beetroot to become damaged and so it will be less rigid. Also I predict that after 40C the proteins in the cell membrane will start to denature as they will reach the optimum temperature. This will increase the permeability allowing more colour to be released. I predict that when I test a small amount of the water which contained the beetroot in the colorimeter, the higher the temperature of the water the higher the reading will be on the colorimeter as less light will pass through.Apparatus- The following apparatus will be needed in the investigation;Raw beetroot Preferably the same type and size of beetroot will be needed to make the investigation fair and more reliableSize 4 cork borer to obtain the beetroot pieces as it will enable me to have pieces and radius of the same size and ensure that the dependant variables are kept the same.White tile cut down on to this with the knife so that I do not damage the desk or risk h urting my handKnife to measure cut the beetroot into 1cm length slices.Ruler to measure and the beetroot into 1cm length slices.Water baths I will also need a bunsen burner to heat the water. I feel a bunsen burner is a better option to use than a kettle as I can get it to the required temperature more easily and also because the kettle would have more impurities, whereas I can wash the beaker before hand.Plastic beaker. A beaker will then be needed to place the water when it is being heated. I will use a 250ml beaker as I can get all the water in instead of having to add more each time.2 boiling tube racks2 test tube racks which I can place the tubes in.Crushed ice I will need ice for temperatures below the room temperature.Boiling tubes I will then need to get 8 test tubes and instead of small beaker as I can place the tubes in a rack so there are more stable and also so that less space is taken up in the desk as the beaker is widerThermometer I will also have to use a 0-90 thermo meter to take readings of the temperature. I will use a 0-90 C thermometer as the temperatures I need are below this and so there is no point using a larger one. Also it will be easier to read with a smaller scale. Ice will also be needed to get the temperatures lower than room temperatureColorimeter Colorimeters are very useful tools for obtaining quantitative data by following reactions that involve a change in colour or opacity. They take the guesswork out of matching colours or end points in experiments. Attaching the colorimeter to a datalogger allows you to see the progress of the reaction, and to create a permanent record of the whole experiment. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Datalogging is an extension of normal scientific enquiry techniques.1 Datalogging improves the validity of the data2 Datalogging removes the need for long periods of repetitive data-recording Transmission is not a linear scale, and is normally used when you are:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½following a trend in the reactionà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½foll owing a reaction where the concentrations of the products creating the colourchange are unknown.As the transmission scale is not linear, it is not directly related to the concentration of thechemicals in a solution that create a colour change.Absorbance is a linear scale. It can be used when you are:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½calibrating the colour change to a known concentration value, for example finding theconcentration of sugar in a sample.Cuvettes I will use a curvette to put the solutions in; I will place 2cm in each curvette using a 2cm pipette so that each has the same volume and so it is far more reliable to compare the results. When using the colour meter I will measure the absorbency of the distilled water and then compare this to the different beetroot concentrations. I will then need to measure the solutions against a colorimeter I will use a colorimeter rather than a chart as the sensor is sensitive to light and is in the same position all the time which will give far more accurate m easurements of absorbency than interpreting using a scale. Cuvettes are designed to be optically identical to each other. Many have a small mark on them so you can make sure the same faces are always lined up with the light source and sensor. If there is no markalready present, you can add a small mark at the very top of the cuvette, where it doesnot interfere with the passage of light through the test solution.Stopclock A stopwatch will also be required to measure the time for each experiment, so that I get a fair and more precise time for each, instead of relying on a watch or clock.Distilled water I will use distilled Water, as this will ensure a more accurate result as normal tap water has chemicals added which can affect the experiment.Pipette For transferring the water in to a measuring cylinder a 5cm pipette will be used as the beaker could be very hot to hold and transfer the water. Also I can get more accurate measurements with the pipette. I will transfer the water into a 50ml measuring cylinder as I may not get exactly 5cm each time in the pipette and so measuring it before would be more accurate.Small measuring cylindersforceps whilst transferring the beetroot in to the water so the beetroot does not come into contact with the skin and so that I do not involuntarily affect the permeability of the cell membrane.500ml beaker so that the beaker with the distilled water can be placed in this.tripod and a gauge to place the beaker on whilst it is getting heated, so direct heat does not come in contact with the glass, as it could get very hot.heatproof mat will need to be placed under all this to keep the Bunsen burner on something safe and also so that it remains stable and there is less risk of it falling over.goggles and a laboratory coat at all times to ensure safety and reduce the risk of any accidents. Also to reduce staining as the beetroot juiceMethod- start by wearing a laboratory coat and goggles at all times to ensure safety to the eye body. t hen wash my hands so that if they have any substances they do not affect my experiment by coming into contact with the beetroot or water. then obtain all the equipment needed for the investigation so that the procedure is orderly and I do not have to look for things in between the experiment.using a cork borer and pushing down onto a white tile cut out 8 cylindrical discs of beetroot. Next I will measure 1cm length of beetroots and cut out 8 pieces using the knife and cutting down onto a white tile. I will then get 8 test tubes for all the different temperatures and wash and dry the tubes so that no substance remains as this could affect the results. Then I will place the tubes in a test tube rack so they are on a flat surface and so it is easy to transfer the right amount of liquid. Using a size 4 cork borer and a knife, ruler and white tile to aide me I will cut 8 identical pieces of beetroot which are 1cm in length. I will use the same diameter corer and cut all the beetroots to the same length so that the surface area of each beetroot is similar and that the dependant variable is kept the same. I will then using tongs to place the beetroot pieces in a beaker of distilled water and leave overnight so that excess dye is washed away. Because the beetroot has been cut part of the cell membranes will be broken and therefore the excess dyewill leak out. By leaving them overnight it will ensure that the results are reliable.I will get the normal distilled water which will be at room temperature at about 34C and place it in a beaker. I will then add ice to a larger beaker and place the water beaker in this. I will work by starting with the 30C and then working down to 0C, adding more ice if needed. I have decided to carry out the investigation this way so that I can get the required temperature the most quickly (from room temp) so I do not have to wait too long. For the temperatures above room temperature i.e. 40-70C I will start with 70C degrees and work my way d own. This is so that after I have heated the water, I will not have to heat it again as it will cool so I will have the required temperature. This way I can make full use of the time.I will then get the 5cm pipette and use it to transfer water into a measuring cylinder. I will measure 20cm of water I have decide to use 20cm because I feel that it is enough to cover the beetroot and a suitable volume to measure for just 20 minutes.Next I will get forceps to transfer the beetroot into the test tube and start timing as soon as it is dropped in. I will time for 20 minutes to allow time to carry out each experiment in the time available and also that I carry the experiment out for a reliable amount of time. I feel that any time less than 20 minutes would not be sufficient. I will then stop the experiment after 20 minutes and use a 2cm pipette and place the solution in to a curvette to measure the absorbency. I will first measure the absorbency of distilled water by placing it into the sl ot. Test the logger before use with a simple sensor (e.g. temperature) that does notrequire any special set-up procedure. This can confirm that the equipment is working,and helps you check that you understand how to use the equipment before you collect your real data.I expect the reading to be 0. Then I will press r on the colorimeter and place the solution in to compare it. I will repeat this experimental procedure for all the temerparures below room temperature adding more ice when required.For temperatures above the room temperature i.e. 40C, 50C, 60C, 70C I will need to heat the distilled water. I will heat the water above 70C work my way down the measurements. I have decided to this as I can the next temperature as it is cooling from the previous one instead of re-heating. Thus I will place the beaker on the tripod, making sure that there is gauze below it and a heatproof mat under all this. When lighting the bunsen burner with a matchstick I will make sure that the hole is on so that the flame is visible, thus reduce the risk of an accident. I will use a thermometer to measure the temperature and once the solution is heated I will once again use a pipette to transfer the water in to a measuring cylinder. I will start transferring the water slightly above the required temperature so that by the time I have transferred it all, it will have fell to the required temperature. After measuring 20cmand checking that the water has fallen to the required temperature I will transfer it into the test tube. I will again use forceps to drop the beetroot into water and start timing as soon as the beetroot is in. I will measure the absorbency as before. I will then reduce the heat of the burner and measure each of the remaining temperatures following the same method. I will then wash my hands at the end of the experiment just to make sure that if any particles got to my hand they are removed.I am going to use a 10C space for the temperature as I think that using five wo uld be too small to distinguish trends, and more than that would also prove to be difficult.Before I test the samples of water I will first test the distilled water and use it as a control to see the difference in water colour. Using a pipette I will transfer 2cm of water from the tubes into the cuvettes. I will set the colorimeter to 0% which will give a blue/green colour. I will then take a reading of the colour absorbency in the order that I started. I will keep the colorimeter on 0% absorbance and repeat for the rest of the temperatures.I will draw up a graph of the results so that I can clearly distinguish the trends and that accurate conclusions can be made.Plotting a calibration curveTo relate readings of absorbance to actual concentrations, you need to make acalibration curve. Make up a series of solutions of known concentration, and takereadings of the absorbance values of these solutions. Plot absorbance values against the concentrations of these standard solutions. You ca n then use this calibration curve to convert absorbance values from your experiment to concentrations. If you are doing a rate experiment, then the absorbance is directly related to concentration, so a graph showing the change in absorbance over time is a genuine rate graph.Fair testing- To ensure that the test is fair so reliable and accurate results are obtained I will make sure the following is done:I have considered how to keep factors that affect the rate of movement across membrane constant and only change the independent variable. The independent variable in my investigation will be the temperature, as this will be constantly getting higher each time. Thus the dependant variable will be the pigmentation released. All the other variables will be kept constant as otherwise it could affect the results. For example the type of the beetroot should be the same; if not then this could affect what temperatures the membrane denatures because of the different prior environments of the beetroot.I will make sure that I wipe the test tubes after rinsing them so any excess water is removed.I must also ensure that the same volume of water is placed in each of the tubes as a higher volume in one tube could affect the diffusion. Thus I will measure the required volume after heating the water. This is because if I measured it first then a lot would evaporate with the heat and the investigation would not be fair.I will try to move the test tubes as least as possible in between the experiments so I do not speed up any reaction involuntary. Furthermore I will work on a flat surface, so as to make sure there is the right amount of volume and when transferring the water from the pipette to the test tube, I will try not to spill any.I will use the same beetroot for the whole experiment as using a different beetroot may affect the results. This is because a particular beetroot may contain more betalins which could result in a faster rate at which the dye is released. This would not make the experiment a fair test.ame sized cork borer (number 4) to ensure that all the beetroot pieces are the same width in diameter. A larger surface area will cause faster diffusion as more of the membrane will be exposed. (Ficks law)volume of water in each experiment must be consistent as more or less water could affect the rate of movement across the cell membrane.time the beetroot are left in the water. If they were all kept to different times then the results would not be reliable enough to draw up a conclusion and say if the results agree with the hypothesis.The independent variable will be the temperature of the water the beetroot pieces will be placed in. These temperatures will vary from 7à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C to 73c.I will make sure before using the boiling tubes that they are clean and if not they are properly cleaned and dried so as not to contaminate the water with anything that is left behind in the tubes. This is because if the water got dirty this could possibly affec t the results.I will make sure than once the beetroots are in the boiling tubes I do not keep taking them out again or that I do not shake the tubes but leave them in the racks. This is because by extracting the beetroot or shaking the tubes it may speed up or slow dont the amount of dye that is released.Finally when using the calorimeter I must make sure that each sample is compared against the distilled water, and not another sample.Safety- Safety is very important in any scientific experiment. Before I start the experiment I will wear goggles and a laboratory coat so any risk of accidents is reduced. Also I will tie back any lose clothing and hair as they could come in the way of the experiment and cause an accident. I must make sure that I do not eat/drink/chew during the experiment as the products could be contaminated. Also I will wash my hands before and after the experiment so any substances are removed, and do not affect the investigation or cause harm to me.Whilst using th e cork borer and knife I will make sure that I always cut down onto a tile so that I reduce the risk of an accident to my hand.When heating the eater with the Bunsen burner I will have to be very careful with the fire and make sure that nothing is in the way. Also I will keep the flame visible so that I can see and be aware of the flame. After boiling the water in a kettle I will make sure that I pick the kettle up by the handle and I do not touch the outercase as it will be very hot.I will take extra caution whilst handling glassware as it could easily be smashed. Because the beaker could be very hot at times I will use a pipette to transfer the liquid so that I do not have to lift the beaker.I will make sure that the desktop I am working on is clean and has no obstructions, all stools, books and belongings and unwanted equipments I will put away as they could cause accidents. I will work on a flat surface to minimise the occurrence of an accident, if there are any spillages/ accid ents I will clean/report them immediately.I know how to use equipEthical issues- In this experiment an edible ingredient is going to be used. However I must make sure that because it is being used for the investigation that it is not consumed prior or after the investigation. Consuming it after the experiment could cause harm to the body.Results- I have recorded the results in a table as it is more systematic and so easier for me to interpret and distinguish any trends. Also it will be easier for me to identify any errors or anomalies. What makes a good table?A good table of results should have:Temperature C% Absorbency0C0.0010C0.0020C0.1030C0.1740C0.1950C0.2360C0.3070C0.34à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½an informative titleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½units in headings, not next to the numerical data.A graph is a visual representation of data. Numerical data should be presented in a way that helps in the identification of any trends or patterns in the data.more easily seen in a graph than in a table, and anomalies mor e easily identified.Line graphsA line graph can be used to show relationships in data which are not immediately obvious from tables (Figure 4).When drawing any type of graph with axes, remember always to include:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½an informative titleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½sensible scales on each axis, if appropriateà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½labels on both axesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½units on both axes, if appropriateà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½a key.The general trend of the results is obvious, as the temperature is increased the beetroot let out more color, thus the water was darker. This backs up my hypothesis in which I stated that the more heat added, the more dye will be released as more damage is done to membranes within the cell. And so the permeability of the cell membrane is directly proportional to the temperature. This is because as temperature rises the movement of the phospholipids increases allowing more of the dye to move across the membrane.I can identify that the results overall follow a pattern and that as the temperature i ncreases so does the absorbency. The biggest difference in absorbency was between 20 and 30C from 0.10 to 0.17 and 50C to 60C, from 0.23 to 0.30.From 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C to 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, theres a slight increase in the average percentage of absorbeny. This is because when water freezes, it expands and this makes the cell membrane burst. The bursting results in more pigments leaking.In general between 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, as the temerature increases more pigments are leaking out thus the darker the colour. This is because the cell becomes less permeable.Spearmans rank correlationA Spearmans rank correlation test will tell you whether two variables are correlated, i.e. whether a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in the other variable. It will tell you whether the relationship is a positive correlation (both go up together) or a negative correlation (one goes up as the other goes down) and the strength of any correlation.For any Spearmans rank correlation you do, the null hypothesis will be:There is no correlation between the two variables.You can use this test on interval or ordinal data and the data will always be in matched pairs. This means that one piece of data is associated with one other piece of data only, for example, if you were measuring temperature and water depth, each temperature measurement would belong with only one specific depth measurement (both taken atthe same place). If you mixed the matched pairs up the data would be meaningless.Examples of where you might use Spearmans rank correlation:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Is there a correlation between temperature and height up a mountain?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Is there a correlation between mouse density and proximity to a cheese factory?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Is there a correlation between current speed and mayfly nymph abundance?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Is there a correlation between cigarette smoking and low intelligence?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Is there a correlation between species diversity and height on the seashore?Using Spearmans rank correlationUse a Spearmans rank correlation test when youve got two variables and you want to see if they are correlated. Your calculated Spearmans rank correlation coefficient (rs) lets you test to see if youve got a correlation between two variables, i.e. if a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in the other variable. It also measures the strengthof any correlation. You need at least eight pairs of data in matched pairs. Being inmatched pairs means that one piece of data is associated with only one other piece of data. For example, if you were measuring speed of hair growth at different ages, each hair growth measurement would belong with only one age measurement. If you mixed the matched pairs up the data would be meaningless.Types of correlationPositive correlationsFigure 1 shows the (fictional) relationship between amount of beer drunk and temperature. It seems that the hotter it gets, the more beer isdrunk. As one variable goes up so does the other . This is an example of aperfect positive correlation. If you calculated rs for these data you wouldget a value of _1 (plus one). Rarely will you get exactly _1 but stronglypositively correlated variables will usually give you a value approaching_1.Negative correlationsFigure 2 shows students happiness quotient plotted against the number ofhours spent doing statistics. Extraordinary as it may seem, it wouldappear that the longer you spend doing statistics the more unhappy youbecome. As one variable (time spent doing stats) goes up, the other(happiness quotient) goes down. This isa perfect negative correlation. If you calculated rs for these data youwould get a value of -1 (minus one). Rarely will you get exactly -1. Stronglynegatively correlated variables will usually give you a value approachingConclusion-I found out that overall as the temperature increased the colour released was darker, i.e. more pigmentation was released. This agrees with my prediction and shows that at lower t emperatures the colour did not leak as much but at higher temperatures the cell loses its permeability. This is because by increasing the temperature the structure of the membrane changes as the proteins loses their tertiary structure and begins to denature. This is because the interactions of the bonds that hold the protein in its structure are weak and easily altered by physical changes. This tertiary structure will begin to breakdown the proteins and lose the ability to control what passes through and so more betalins will pass through and so there will be a greater pigment loss. As a result the lipid biayer may also be begin to break and larger gaps start to form between the phospholipids molecules and more pigments (betalins) can move into and out of the cell.The line of best fit on the graph is shows that the temperature is proportional to the light absorbency. However it is not a strong positive correlation. For temperatures below 45C there was little difference between the t emperatures. However after 45C there is a huge difference between. The temperatures. I think this is because.The results in the graph indicate that overall as the temperature increases the permeability of the cell membrane decreases. The graph has produced a curve rather than the expected straight line. I think that this could have been because many of the experiments had to be reheated and so it affected the membrane.I feel that the graph can support a valid conclusion as it agrees with my prediction. The absorbency figure goes up steadily and this shows that there was a relationship between the temperature and the membrane permeability. I did not also have anomalies, which I think make the results more reliable.Although my results seem valid I acknowlede that they are not very relaible as I only have one set of resullts. Consequentrly I cannot check the precision of the results or the degree of accuracy I do not have other set of results to compare with. However the above results on their own do look precise with a positive correaltion.Although the results are good enough I understand that they are not completely accurate. Most importantly I know that because we did not have the availability of water baths it was very difficult to maintain the right temperature. Consequently although I heated the temperature slightly above what was needed to allow time for it to cool the temperature fell very quickly. As a result I had to (re)heat the solutions, including the ones with ice. Also as a result of this I may have moved some test-tubes more than others which could have affected the permeability of the membrane.Another error could have been my visibility. I understand that because I was wearing goggles it could have slightly obscured my view. Consequently when checking the temperature with the thermometer, whilst measuring the volume and when stopping the clock after 20 minutes I could have misread the measurements/temperature/time. Thus my reaction time when stop ping and even starting the clock each time could have been faster or slower giving unequal times. Another possibility could be that because I used the same thermometer in between the experiments it could have transferred some particles from one to another and so affect the reliability. Furthermore when placing the curvettes in the colorimeter the time it took to collect the solutions and place them in the slot could have varied, which in turn could have affected the results.Evaluation- Overall the procedure used was suitable, however to obtain more reliable and valid results changes/improvements could be made.If a trail run was carried out, it could have been used to recognise weaknesses in the procedure so that the actual experiment gave more reliable results and fewer errors.Each temperature was only carried out once, to get more reliable and accurate and valid results could have carried it out at least 1 more time, or get another students set of results and combine them to get an average. could have obtained an averageWhen using the cork borer to obtain the beetroot pieces the samples were not obtained from the same area. It is important to take the pieces from a similar region of the beetroot as each type of tissue will have a different water potential and so it is important to use the same.. This could affect the results as different parts of the beetroot could contain more betalin than others, which would mean that that the more diffusion would happen in the beetroot pieces which contained more betalin when heated. By making sure that each beetroot was cut out of the same place in the beetroot it would ensure a more accurate set of results as all the pieces would contain the same amount of dye.When using the cork borer although I used the same size ones, it is a possibility that I may not have got the same volume of shape each time. Also when measuring the 1cm pieces and cutting with a knife, there is bound to have been some even slight difference. As an alternative to using a ruler to measure the beetroot pieces I could have used another piece of equipment such as vernier clips to give far more accurate measurements. eyepiece graticule. For small items, a standard ruler will give anaccuracy to 1 mm; vernier callipers will give an accuracy to 0.1 mm. Larger objects or distances may require a tape measure, which will have an accuracy that depends on the scale.During the experiment I had goggles on which could have obscured my view. I understand they are needed for safety; nevertheless they could have affected my visibility when measuring the volumes and identifying the temperature as well as stopping the timing. Instead of relying on a stop clock, an automatic clock or timer could be used that would indicate when 20 minutes were over. My eyesight could have contributed to some inaccuracy. Because I did not use an automatic stop clock it could be possible that I stopped the stopclock late. This could mean that the beetroot pieces wer e in for longer than 30 minutes. To avoid this next time I should use an automatic stopclock.Also whilst handling the beetroot pieces I did not take great care to ensure that I handle them with care. It could be possible that when placing them in the tubes I just threw them in which could have caused damage to the membrane. This could possibly cause more of the dye to leak out.Also the experiment was only carried out on a small scale. To obtain better results I think the temperature gap between each tube should have been 10C so that the trend and point where the membrane denatures can be distinguished more easily. However I feel that my results show fairly well how a membrane functions under temperature change.The other difficultly was getting the right temperature. Because no water baths were available I used a kettle to heat the water. Water baths would have been much more reliable and sensible to use as the bath could heat each water to the required temperature as they are thermo statically controlled. The problem with using the kettle was that it can only heat water till boiling point and so that meant I had to add tap water or ice to get the required temperature. Also the kettle can contain many impurities which I was not aware of. When conducting this experiment next time I will make sure that if water baths are not available I will use a Bunsen burner to heat the water as this way I can get the required temperatures more easily.I realise that a systematic error in the procedure was that I used the same thermometer for each temperature. This could have transferred some particles. If available, water baths would be a better option to use.I could have used Electronic balancesI would also use a smaller range of temperatures, starting with 10 to about 50,Dropping pipettesPasteur pipettes (also called dropping pipettes) are designed to give a constant volume in each drop, although they are not very accurate. They should be held upright (rubber bulb at the top) during use. To get a drop to f

William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Sherman was born in Ohio on February 8, 1820 to Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt Sherman. He was the sixth of ten children. His father was a Supreme Court Judge so he was not home often, but when he came home on horseback, a family tradition was that the first child to reach his horse could ride it to the barn. Since he was the sixth child in line, William didn't often win the race, but on one such occasion when he was around six years old he was the first to reach his father he was given the honor of riding Old Dick to the stable. When the stable door was not opened promptly the horse headed for the neighbor's barn, and finding that he couldn't get in there, the horse again headed home. On the way the horse threw young William onto some rocks. When he was found, he was taken for dead, but managed to recover from his injuries. Since this he carried a scar on his face the rest of his life. In the year of 1829 Charles Sherman while away on the circuit, rode horseback from Cincinnati to Lebanon on a hot June day. The next day, he took his seat on the bench, but was not feeling well and adjourned the court early. His fever climbed and on June 24, 1829 he died. With Mrs. Sherman being unable to support ten children, caring family members and friends took all but the three youngest children into their homes. William was taken by Mr. Thomas Ewing and was treated at once as his own son. Since Thomas Ewing was a member of the United States Senate he helped Sherman get into West Point. He became a cadet of the class of 1836 and graduated in 1840 sixth in his class. After graduation he was sent to Fort Pierce in Florida. In 1843 he was stationed in Charleston, South Carolina. He spent part of the Mexican War on a detail for recruiting service in New York, and the rest of the War in California, never once seeing action. Finally, on September 6, 1853 Sherman resigned from the military, with a rank of colo...

Christine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christine - Essay Example in women or cars and that is perhaps the reason why King used a feminine personification for the car to make Arnie’s relationship with it look like a love triangle, that is, if Leigh is added in the picture. Using a male personification for the car could not have as compelling as when it was given a female name. In the following paragraphs, it will be made clear that if Christopher took the character of Christine, the story would not have been impressive or effective for King’s objectives in the novel. In addition, the standard perception of men in relation to cars, the stereotypical female lover who is possessive, jealous, cunning, devious and their unconventional characteristic of being a hero will be discussed to further explain why Christopher cannot be as an effective character as Christine. Arnie is the bullied type of character in his school and hometown. He is described in the novel as â€Å"pizza-face† with his pimples often oozing and he had only one friend, Dennis. This means, he was the type of guy who surely is still a virgin when his age mates changed girlfriends a number of times already. With such physical characteristics, King’s story would not be believable if Arnie suddenly turns into an extreme character, dating the most beautiful girl in school. Therefore, the author uses an obsession to an old car that Arnie thinks he could turn into a beauty, as the reason for Arnie’s transformation. When Arnie bought the car, there have been changes in his character which only girls can have an influence on in boys, or at least that is how parents often see it. He turned from the â€Å"yes sir/yes ma’am† boy he had been for seventeen years to a â€Å"man† who fights for the things he believes in. Yes, he turned into a man just like when a boy does when he gets his first sexual experience. Although Arnie’s relationship with the car is not sexual at all, the fact that it is named Christine, a female name, it is made to look like he just had his

Opportunities to improve international business prospects Assignment

Opportunities to improve international business prospects - Assignment Example South Africa is one of the emerging markets that the company should endeavor to establish. Some of the benefits that the organization and its employees will accrue include; Even though doubts may arise concerning the company’s expansion to a foreign country, I am hereby shedding light on some of the controversial issues. The headquarters will be located in Durban, which is the third largest City in South Africa. Durban harbor is the busiest port in the East Coast of Africa (World Port Source), which makes it a strategic dock for imports and exports to and from the land locked developing countries in Africa. English is among the official languages in the country and therefore communication will be effective. The country has experienced an economic boom since it hosted the 2010 FIFA world cup (Udesh et al. 27). The economy is undergoing rapid growth especially with the concerted efforts by the government and stakeholders to enhance the recovery from the inefficiencies of apartheid. According to Lundahl and Petersson, there has been notable growth in the manufacturing and transport sector (33). However, the employment opportunities are fewer than the employable population in the country. The government is therefore encouraging foreign investors to establish business in the country in a bid to solve the problem of high unemployment rates (Prasad et al. 13). This is the reason our company has been granted approval to establish in Durban where it may help in creating employment opportunities for locals. On the other hand, the city’s political climate is encouraging. The politicians are concerned about economic growth and empowerment of people to improve their standards of living. Our company enjoys unmatched reputation in the region and therefore there is no doubt of imminent success. It is evident that the move to Durban, South Africa is a significant global strategy that will enhance the

Effective Treatment for Drug Addiction Essay Example for Free

Effective Treatment for Drug Addiction Essay â€Å"Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans undergo treatment for substance use disorder, also called addiction† (Hart Ksir, 2013, p. 409). Drug addiction is a complex brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. It is a condition characterized by an overwhelming and uncontrollable desire or craving to continue taking a drug to which one has become habituated through repeated consumption. It also produces a particular effect, usually an alteration of mental status. Drug addiction is usually accompanied by a compulsion to obtain the drug, a tendency to increase the dose, a psychological or physical dependence, and detrimental consequences for the individual and society. For many people, drug addiction becomes chronic, with possible relapses even after long periods of abstinence. Hart Ksir (2013), for example, state: â€Å"Substance dependence is often a chronic illness that shares many characteristics with other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma† (p. 22). The pathway to drug addiction initiates with the act of taking drugs, and over a period of time, an individual’s ability to choose not to do so becomes compromised, and as a result, seeking and consuming the drug becomes compulsive. This behavior results mainly from the effects of persistent drug exposure on brain functioning. â€Å"Addiction affects multiple brain circuits, including those involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior† (Huffman, 2010, p. 201). Some individuals are more vulnerable than others to becoming addicted, depending on genetic makeup, age of exposure to drugs, other environmental influences, and the interplay of all these factors. Huffman (2010) argues that â€Å"Psychoactive drugs influence the nervous system (and our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) in a variety of ways† (p. 186). Treatment for drug abuse or addiction is not simple or easy because drug abuse or addiction has so many dimensions. Effective treatment programs typically incorporate many components. Green (2010) notes that: Each component must be directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences. For example, addicted treatment must help the individual stop using drugs, maintain a drug-free lifestyle, and achieve productive functioning in the family, at work, and in society (p. 148). Because addiction is a disease, addicted people cannot simply stop using drugs for a few days, months, or even years to be cured. The most part of the patients require long-term or repeated episodes of care to achieve the ultimate goal of sustained abstinence and recovery of their lives. Indeed, scientific research and clinical practice have demonstrated the value of continuing care in treating addiction, with a variety of approaches having been tested and integrated in residential and community settings such as inpatient and outpatient community programs. The use of 13-step principles is crucial for addiction treatment to be effective and/or fruitful. 13 Principles for Effective Treatment 1) Family and the drug addict must recognize and understand that drug addiction is a complex but treatable illness that affects brain functioning and behavior. They need to be aware that the abuse of any drug alters the brain’s structure and function. The alterations will result in changes which will continue for a long time even after the drug use is stopped. It also will make the family and the drug addict to understand why drug abusers could relapse at any time even if s/he still in treatment, has experienced potentially devastating consequences, and/or has had long periods of abstinence. Hart Ksir (2013) note: Drugs work on the body to cause a mood-altering effect by the chemical impact they have on the brain. Through the blood supply, the drug is carried to the brain. Once the drug is released to the brain, the drug’s effect begins because the brain concentrates on the drug (p. 88). 2) Family and the drug addict must understand that no single treatment is sufficient, adequate, or appropriate for everyone. Each treatment differs depending on the characteristics of the patient. For example, the type of drug being used, the period of time that the drug has been used, the age and race of the individual, environmental conditions, genetic influences, behavior, the wiliness and ability to react to the treatment, life style, and the broader health of the individual, etc. The National Institute of Drug Abuse notes that: Drug addiction shares many features with other chronic illnesses, including a tendency to run in families (heritability), an onset and course that is influenced by environmental conditions and behavior, and the ability to respond to appropriate treatment, which may include long-term lifestyle modification. Human studies of addictive behaviors have clearly implicated both environmental and genetic influences, as well as interactions between the two. While genetics play a major role in defining who we are, the environment in which we are raised is just as influential (NIDA, n. d. ). The good match treatment setting, such as interventions, therapies, and others services designed only to the individual’s particular problems and needs, is crucial for that person to success to return to his or her normal and productive life. 3) Treatment must be easily available. Many drug-addicted individuals struggle even when they decide to entering treatment. This step is critical for them, so the program should be readily available for them in order to take full advantage of the available services. When the treatment program is not easily accessible, potential patients will be lost, and the likelihood of positive outcome for those patients will diminish because as with other chronic diseases, when the treatment is offered earlier in the disease process, the probability of positive outcomes will be greater. If the treatment is easily available, â€Å"Overall, it will be considered to be effective because it will help many people to abstain often for many years†¦ The benefits far exceed the cost of providing the programs† (Hart Ksir, 2013, p. 423). 4) An effective treatment shouldn’t include only the issue of drug abuse, but the diverse needs of the individuals as well. Hart Ksir (2013) assert that â€Å"Substance dependence is often a chronic illness that shares many characteristics with other chronic illness such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma† (p. 422). A treatment to be considered effective, it must address the individual’s drug abuse issue and all the related issues surrounding the addiction, for example, medical, psychological, physical, environmental, biological, social, vocational, and legal problems, among others. Also, age, gender, ethnicity, social status, and culture should be taken into account. 5) Staying in treatment for a reasonable period of time is crucial. â€Å"Long-term treatment of more than three months tends to create more concrete habits, as well as allows the client more time to develop etter methods to prevent relapse† (Shewood, 2013). A long-term treatment is especially good for those individuals recovering from using drugs for a very long period of time. The appropriate length for a specific individual will depend on the type of drug used and the degree of his or her problems and necessities. Many studies have demonstrated that most addicted individuals will need at least three months in treat ment to greatly reduce or stop using drugs. In addition, the studies have showed that the best results take place with longer durations of treatments. Recovering from any type of drug addiction is not an easy task to do, but with a long-term process and sometimes the requirement of multiple episodes of treatment, the recovery is possible. Sometimes relapses could occur. To prevent this, individuals should not leave the treatment prematurely. A treatment program should include a set of strategies to engage, motivate, and keep its patients in treatment. 6) Behavior therapies should be included. Behavior therapies such as counseling (individual, peer, and/or group) are very effective forms of treatment for drug abusers. These therapies may include: motivating the patient to change, providing incentives for abstinence, building skills or abilities to resist drug use, substituting drug-using activities for positive, helpful, and rewarding activities, developing or improving problem-solving skills, and facilitating better social relationships. The participation in those therapy programs (individual, peer, or group) during the treatment will greatly help drug addicted individuals to maintain drug free. 7) Medication is a fundamental part for the treatment of numerous patients. To obtain better result, they may be combined with behavioral therapies. Hart Ksir (2013) state the following: An intense amount of research efforts have focused on developing medications to treat substance abuse and dependence†¦ Some medications that have been used to help substance abusers deal with withdrawal symptoms and maintain abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cocaine, and cannabis are: Benzodiazepines, Disulfiram, Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Bupropion, Varenicline, Methadone, Buprenorphine, Naltrexone, Modafinil, and Dronabinol† (pp. 414-415). As with all complex diseases, the environment plays a vital role in the life of the individual to determine the course and outcome of the disease. 8) The individual’s plan such as his or her treatment, resources, and services must be evaluated constantly. The constant evaluation of the treatment plan is a very important thing that should be done to ensure the program is meeting his or her present or changing needs, if not, it should be modified right away. The modification could include a combination of services and treatments during the process of treatment and recovery. Those changes can be counseling, medication, psychotherapy, medical services, social skills, parenting education, vocational training, and legal services, etc. The continue evaluation and changes during the treatment will provide very positive outcomes to the patient. 9) Drug-addicted individuals should be treated for other mental disorders too. Because many drug abusers beside their drug addiction suffer from other mental illness, they must be evaluated and treated for the specific mental illness as well. The treatment should focus on both the addiction and the mental disease with the inclusion of medications if they are needed. The National Institute of Drug Abuse note that: When two disorders or illnesses occur simultaneously in the same person, they are called comorbid. Surveys show that drug abuse and other mental illnesses are often comorbid. Six out of ten people with a substance use disorder also suffer from another form of mental illness. But the high prevalence of these comorbidities does not mean that one condition caused the other, even if one appeared first. Patients with mood or anxiety disorders are about twice as likely to also suffer from a drug disorder. In addition, patients with drug disorders are roughly twice as likely to be diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders. The rates of specific comorbidities also vary by gender. Among men and women in drug treatment, antisocial personality disorder is more common in men, while women have higher rates of major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other anxiety disorders. 10) Detoxification medically assisted should be just the first phase of drug addiction treatment. Detoxification can be viewed as an initial and immediate goal during which medications are administered to alleviate unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that may appear following abrupt cessation of drug use† (Hart Ksir, 2013, p. 415). Medically assisted detoxification can securely manage the acute physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal. 11) Any type of drug use during the whole treatment should be monitored constantly to prevent relapses. For many patients, the alertness that their drug use is monitored all the time is a powerful incentive, and many times it also helps them to stay away from drugs. Moreover, monitoring is helpful to prevent possible returning to drug use. If the continuously monitoring shows that the client is using drugs again, the treatment plan for that specific individual should be adjusted to better meet his or her needs. 12. Treatment programs must assess its patients for sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, AIDS, chlamydia, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases as well. Counseling to help drug-addicted patients to modify or change their behaviors which place them at risk of contracting or spreading any infectious disease is a very important piece of the treatment. If the counseling is focused specifically on how to reduce sexually transmitted diseases that put the patients at risk, it could help those patients to reduce or avoid substance-related and other high-risk behaviors. If a patient is already infected, s/he will manage with more responsibility his or her disease, and also it will facilitate adherence to other medical treatments. 13) The addiction treatment plan should be hundred percent ethical. Counselors, as mental authorities, have a lot of power, so they never should use this power for personal reasons or beliefs (such as bias) or to reject a patient. Counselors always must follow the NAADAC set of ethical codes when working with patients. According to the NAADAC, â€Å"counselors have the power to do great, good, or great harm. Counselors always must remember: Today, let me remember my power and take care to use it wisely. † In addition, the counselor should accept the fact that the patient has the right to accept or refuse any treatment plan when s/he is aware of the pros and cons of the treatment. The counselor is not supposed to go against the patient’s will. Conclusion Drugs have been a part of our society for many years now. Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans receive treatment for substance abuse. Drug addiction is a complex illness that is considered a brain disease. Many drug-addicted individuals in order to become drug free, they must undergo an effective treatment program that typically incorporate many components. Each component must be directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences. The use of 13-step principles is crucial for any addiction treatment to be effective and/or fruitful. They are: (1) Family and the drug addict must recognize and understand that drug addiction is a complex but treatable illness that affects brain functioning and behavior; (2) Family and the drug addict must understand that no single treatment is sufficient, adequate, or appropriate for everyone; (3) Treatment must be easily available; (4) An effective treatment should include the issue of drug abuse, and also the diverse needs of the individuals; (5) Staying in treatment for a reasonable period of time is crucial; (6) Behavior therapies should be included; (7) Medication is a fundamental part for the treatment of many patients. 8) The individual’s plan such as his or her treatment, resources, and services must be evaluated constantly; (9) Drug-addicted individuals should be treated for other mental disorders too; (10) Detoxification medically assisted should be just the first phase of drug addiction treatment; (11) Any type of drug use during the whole treatment should be moni tored constantly to prevent relapses; (12) Treatment programs must assess its patients for sexually transmitted diseases; and (13) The addiction treatment plan should be hundred percent ethical.

The Use of Technology in Classrooms Essay examples -- Education Teachin

The Use of Technology in Classrooms Throughout the years technology has help advance our school system to make a teachers job easier. New technology enables teachers to get their point across to children in different ways, depending on what kind of learner the child is. Twenty-five years ago, there were no personal computers. Today, almost 30% of American households own a PC, and more than 60% of American students use computers in schools. The personal computer brought about many new advances into the classroom. Such as the Internet in 1993, which is used today in classrooms across the country. Then in 1998 video conferencing was introduced. Also, in that year The American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education pronounced the first â€Å"Innovative Use of Technology† award. This award gave credit to teacher education institutions that lead the way for the use of technology for other teachers in the profession. The Digital Revolution is also changing how we spend our free time. Watching television, playing video and computer games, as well as chatting on the Internet are all new ways we spend our time. The Internet provides accessible information by individuals at his or her own discretion. One may visit a place with a virtual tour; visit a library in another country, and a research town in India with equal ease. The student may even research news events in far greater depth than a print newspaper might print out, and political opinions (or opinions about topic) may be circulated worldwide in a matter of seconds. We are already speaking of likely changes in electoral and governmental processes, and of the widespread electronic money that everyone with Internet access can use. Instead of filling out long-winded col... ...for the mind:Teaching and learning in information and technology rich schools. 2nd ed. Raleigh, NC: The Landmark Project, 1999. Reksten, Linda E. Using Technology to increase student learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin P, 2002. Rose, David H. Teaching every student in the digital Age: Universal design for learning. Ed. Anne Meyer, et al. Alexandria, VA: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development, 2002. "Technology and Learning." Technology & Learning (n.d.). 01 Oct. 1993 <http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?jid=TLR&db=aph>. Technology for inclusion:meeting the special needs of all students. Ed. Mary Male. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2003. "Tech Trends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning." Assiciation for Educational Communications & Technology (1993). 01 Jan. 2004 <http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?jid=TTR&db=asp>.

Crystal Edge Restaurant Essay

Type of Business Crystal Edge Restaurant is a sole trader venture that is owned and operated by Miss Jheneal Hall. She is responsible for the daily running of this restaurant, any profits or losses or any problems that the business encounters she is held accountable. Crystal Edge Restaurant will provide exquisite fine dining services to both local residents and tourists who visit the busy area of New Kingston. Other individuals from other areas are also welcomed to dine over high quality meals. The main objective here at Crystal Edge is to ensure that persons dine over healthy foods, in a nice clean friendly environment with an essence to feel home away from home. Our mission statement is â€Å"To ensure that each guest receives prompt, professional, friendly and courteous service. To maintain a clean, comfortable and well maintained premises for our guests and staff. To provide at a fair price – nutritional, well-prepared meals – using only quality ingredients. To ensure that all guests and staff are treated with the respect and dignity they deserve. To thank each guest for the opportunity to serve them. By maintaining these objectives we shall be assured of a fair profit that will allow us to contribute to the community we serve.† Justification of Loctaion Crystal Edge Restaurant is located in the commercial area of New Kingston at 4-6 New Kingston Shopping Centre. The restaurant is located here for several reasons: * Because of the large number of individuals that come here to shop and work, so therefore it is worth starting up a business in this vicinity because we see where profits can be maximized. * Another reason for the selection of this location is that it is accessible and safe for customers. * The government provides tax relief for restaurants operating in this area Selection of Appropriate Labour The type of labour necessary at Crystal Edge Restaurant is unskilled labour. The restaurant will need a total of nine (9) employees. The employment process will be done with aid of applications forms and resumes and the nine employees that will be selected will have different roles to play to make Crystal Edge Restaurant a success. The restaurant will need a head chef, an assistant chef, three waitresses, two janitors and two cashiers. The head chef which is also the owner plans and prepares the meals with the assistant chef to help in the preparation of meals also. The three waitresses will work extremely hard on a daily basis to ensure that the customers’ orders are taken and the food is delivered to them and also cleans the tables after other customers have finished dining. The janitors are responsible for cleaning and sanitizing the kitchen and dining area to ensure a clean and healthy environment and lastly two cashiers that cash the orders taken and give a printed receipt. This type of labour is necessary because it is an inexpensive way of accomplishing production and service goals without raising consumer costs. Sources of Fixed and Working Capital My sources of fixed and working capital are funding all my savings and a loan from the commercial bank. Some examples of fixed assets that will be bought are equipment, furniture’s, dishes, glassware, silverware and cookware’. working capital is defined as raw material, money and other items that are used up in the day to day running of the business or the goods that are constantly being used up in the business in it daily operation . Some examples of working capitals are the food inventory, supplies, and worker’s wages and salaries. Role of the Entrepreneur The entrepreneur is optimistic and future oriented; I believe that success is possible and I’m willing to risk my resources in the pursuit of profit. I’m fast moving, willing to try many different strategies to achieve my goals of profits. And I’m flexible, willing to change quickly when I get new information. The entrepreneur is also needed to invest skills and management abilities to promote production. Three functions of the entrepreneur are: * Entrepreneur initiates the business activity Meaning the entrepreneur has to start the business activity by preparing a proper plan. The plan should deal with the type of goods and services to be produced, sources of raw material and credit, type of technology to be used, the markets where the products can be sold, etc. The plan should be detailed one covering all the aspects of the business * Entrepreneur is the decision maker The most vital function an entrepreneur discharges refers to decision making in various fields of the business enterprise. He is the decision maker of all activities of the enterprise. * Managerial Function: Entrepreneur performs a variety of managerial function like determination of business objectives, formulation of production plans, product analysis and market research, organisation of sales procuring machine and material, recruitment of men and undertaking, of business operations. The entrepreneur also undertakes the basic managerial functions of planning, organising, co-ordinating, staffing, directing, motivating and controlling in the enterprise. Type of Production Crystal Edge is involved in primary production. Primary production can be described as extracting raw materials from the earth. We are involved in this type of production because we produce breakfast, lunch and dinner on a daily basis, so it is inour best interest to grow our natural foods such fruits, vegetables and some spices to also reduce expenditures on imports on help to stop global warming. Levels of Production Crystal Edge production will be for the domestic market. Meal will be prepared and served to local residents as well as tourist who visit the New Kingston area at reasonable and affordable prices.